@Article{MuelbertSouzLewiHind:2013:FoHaSo,
               author = "Muelbert, M{\^o}nica M. C. and Souza, Ronald Buss de and Lewis, 
                         Mirtha N. and Hindell, Mark A.",
          affiliation = "Instituto de Oceanografia, Funda{\c{c}}{\~a}o Universidade 
                         Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Centro 
                         Nacional Patag{\'o}nico — CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina and 
                         Marine Predator Unit, Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, 
                         University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia",
                title = "Foraging habitats of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, 
                         from the Northern Antarctic Peninisula",
              journal = "Deep-Sea Research. Part 2. Topical Studies in Oceanography",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "88-89",
                pages = "47--60",
             keywords = "southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, areas of restricted 
                         search, northern and western Antarctic Peninsula.",
             abstract = "Elephant Island (EI) is uniquely placed to provide southern 
                         elephant seals (SES) breeding there with potential access to 
                         foraging grounds in the Weddell Sea, the frontal zones of the 
                         South Atlantic Ocean, the Patagonian shelf and the Western 
                         Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Quantifying where seals from EI forage 
                         therefore provides insights into the types of important habitats 
                         available, and which are of particular importance to elephant 
                         seals. Twenty nine SES (5 sub-adult males SAM and 24 adult females 
                         AF) were equipped with SMRU CTD-SLDRs during the post-breeding (PB 
                         2008, 2009) and post-moulting (PM 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) trips to 
                         sea. There were striking intra-annual and inter-sex differences in 
                         foraging areas, with most of the PB females remaining within 150 
                         km of EI. One PB AF travelled down the WAP as did 16 out of the 20 
                         PM females and foraged near the winter ice-edge. Most PM sub-adult 
                         males remained close to EI, in areas similar to those used by 
                         adult females several months earlier, although one SAM spent the 
                         early part of the winter foraging on the Patagonian Shelf. The 
                         waters of the Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) contain abundant 
                         resources to support the majority of the Islands SES for the 
                         summer and early winter, such that the animals from this 
                         population have shorter migrations than those from most other 
                         populations. Sub-adult males and PB females are certainly taking 
                         advantage of these resources. However, PM females did not remain 
                         there over the winter months, instead they used the same waters at 
                         the ice-edge in the southern WAP that females from both King 
                         George Island and South Georgia used. Females made more benthic 
                         dives than sub-adult malesagain this contrasts with other sites 
                         where SAMs do more benthic diving. Unlike most other populations 
                         studied to date EI is a relatively southerly breeding colony 
                         located on the Antarctic continental shelf. EI seals are using 
                         shelf habitats more than other SES populations but some 
                         individuals still employ open water foraging strategies. Sea-ice 
                         was also very influential for PM females with more foraging 
                         occurring in heavier pack-ice. Larger females used areas with 
                         heavier ice-concentration than smaller females. The study 
                         demonstrates the importance of shelf and slope habitat to elephant 
                         seals, but also highlighted the influence of sea-ice and 
                         fine-scale bathymetry and local ocean condition in determining 
                         foraging habitat.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.009",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.009",
                 issn = "0967-0645",
                label = "lattes: 0537824080913130 2 MuelbertSouzLewiHind:2013:FoHaSo",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "DSR-II_Muelbert et al_2013.pdf",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.009",
        urlaccessdate = "01 maio 2024"
}